فروشگاه آنلاین بهرام نوازنی - جزییات محصول Hierarchy and Power in the History of Civilizations: Political Aspects of Modernity

Presented at: Russian Academy of Sciences - Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies

Fourth International Conference “Hierarchy and Power in the History of Civilizations” Moscow, June 13-16, 2006

Abstract

This is a comparative study of the two victorious revolutions of the Constitutional Iran and the Independence of the USA that lead to the all compassing self-arouse ness of the two oppressed nations to fight against the despotism and oppression and to collapse the ruling political, economic and social order. Although the despotic and oppressive behavior of the king and his courtiers upon every single person and group of each society had naturally necessitated the circumstances ready for the popular grievance and revolutionary movement, the foreign agent’s role in making every plot and program for encouraging and diverting this popular self-arouse ness from its original initiatives should not be neglected. It is true that the symbols and causes for revolutions are plenty, but this would not prevent us from giving a pattern in which the study of this role in the hierarchy of the revolutions would be simplified. To this end the paper is to analyze the role of Britain in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and France in the US Independence Revolution.

As existing despotism and oppression, government's inability to severe and complete depression of revolutionaries as well as expansion of ideas such as liberty among them have fundamental role in providing the necessary and enough objective and subjective grounds for the revolutions, the role played by a foreign agent may be determinately influential. In the objective ground, the foreign agent declared war or inserted boycotts and other economic and financial pressures over the government on the one hand and on the other secretly supported the revolutionaries and fortified their stand till the victory. In the subjective ground too, by introducing or even injecting new or even revolutionary ideas such as constitutional or independence the foreign agent infused the dissidents to revolt and change their position in the power hierarchy. In this way the foreign agent succeeded to take its benefit out of this combining situation; Britain helped the Iranian bourgeoisie to draw Iran out of its rival (Russian) sphere of influence and France helped the American patriots to make the British colonies independent.

Key words: Revolution, Iran, USA, France, Britain

شابک : 978-5-397-00169-4