Investigating the causes of aggression, hooliganism and vandalism of football spectators

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of aggression, hooliganism and vandalism of football spectators from the perspective of riotous spectators. Research methods. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose, which was performed by field method. Materials. included riot spectators during 2018 and 2019 in Azadi Stadium and Shahid Shiroodi Stadium in Tehran who were arrested by the police. Due to the fact that accurate statistics were not available, so for the unknown community, based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 384 people were selected as the research sample by available sampling method. The research measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire whose face and content validity, while carefully examining the texts and literature of the research, was approved after consulting professors and experts. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.917). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data. Results. According to the results of this study, the most important causes of aggression, hooliganism and vandalism of spectators include attention to excitement and deconstruction and media performance (0.89), collectivism and teamwork (0.88), social and economic status, respectively (0.84), satisfaction with situational factors (0.82), dissatisfaction with the socio-political environment (0.75) and the performance of the police force (0.71).

Aggression, hooliganism, Vandalism, Football Spectators