We report the occurrence of Mesopotamian tooth carp, Aphanius mesopotamicus Coad 2009, in a southern branch of the Karkheh River, 10 km west of Hoor-Al-Azim Wetland. This is the first report of successful collection of this species after its first collection in 1978-80 and futile efforts during the last three decades and after its original description based on those old museum specimens.
