Evaluation of Prevalence of the Types of Thyroid Disorders Using Ultrasound and Pathology of One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius

The thyroid gland is the largest classic endocrine organ, that effects many organs of the body and plays a significant role in the process of metabolism in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders diagnosed by ultrasound and microscopic lesions of the thyroid during the slaughter of apparently healthy One Humped Camels (Camelus dromedarius). Randomly, 400 male camels (with a mean age range of 4 to 8 years), were studied in 2012 to 2013. The Camels thyroid glands were evaluated by ultrasound device using multi-frequency linear transducer 7-9 MHz caller dupler and in both longitudinal and transverse view. After stabilization of the sample in 10% buffered formalin and the process of preparation of paraffin sections in autotechnicon method, tissue sections of 5 microns in diameter were prepared and stained with H & E and finally examined by light microscopy. The results obtained in the pathology indicated the following: hyperplastic goiter (19%), degenerative changes (12%), follicular cysts (5%), follicular atrophy (4%), nodular hyperplasia (3%), adenoma (1%), carcinoma (1%) and simple goiter colloid (1%). Ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland in adenoma and carcinoma showed enlargement of the gland, decreased echogenicity,and the heterogeneous thyroid parenchyma with irregular boundaries. Also, in follicular cysts were observed in the enlarged gland with no echo structures of different sizes and decreased echogenicity as a regional or general. In nodular hyperplasia, echogenicity and heterogeneous parenchymal were found to be increased. Comparison of the effects on the thyroid gland from different camels showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0,05). These findings suggest the use of Ultrasound as a screening test in the diagnosis of complications of thyroid disorders. Pathology also to be used for the diagnosis of thyroid problems and other side effects.

Thyroid gland, One Humped Camel, ultrasound, pathology