E-GOVERNMENT, THE SOLUTION FOR DEACRESING CORRUPTION

Although developing country around the different area of the world have many differences in cultural, historical, economic and political situations, but most of them have the same economic features and indicators. if we would like to name some of these aspects we can talk about the low levels of income per capita , high rate of population growth , economical and cultural dichotomy between modern and traditional parties , small and limited financial markets and …. Another notable subject is that these countries rely on government functions and governments have the main roles in development process. Based on both theoretical and structural reasons and because the lack of appropriate space for the private sectors activity, the governments have the strong and most effective role in economical spaces. During the 20th century, we faced with amazing explosion in producing and innovating software and hardware's that were relate to information and communications technology. After spreading these technologies around the world, they changed the structure of markets and they helped preparing goods and services more easily and with lower costs. Governments like other part of economies changed their structural to demonstrate public goods to their citizens with higher efficiency and lower cost. They used information and communication technology (I.C.T) in their structure for decreasing transaction costs. Based on principal-agent model and in a traditional bureaucracy systems there are three groups that are relate to each others named: government, bureaucrats and client or citizens. For decreasing the effects of markets failure, governments produce and distribute public goods and services thought bureaucrats to the citizens. Governments employ bureaucrats to do that but there are two important problems: at first, these bureaucrats are self-selfish and maybe in some cases their profits interfere with governments. The second is that they have more information than governments. So they can inter to some kind of activity named moral hazard as a whole and especially corruption in detail. Because they distribute some kinds of profitable ad competitive goods and services to citizens and they have a discretion power and close contacts with those buyers. It is the main cause for corruption and it can increase transaction costs. It seems that using ICT has an efficient effect on transaction cost in the society and on corruption. Because it can decrease the opportunity of face-to-face contacts and client or citizens can follow their needs using ICT. In this paper, we want to test that if electronic indicators of ICT have efficient effect on corruption or not. For this goal, we used simple theoretical and econometrical models. E- Government as a new mean facilitates connections between government and citizens and can for example decreases the discretion powers of bureaucrats. Therefore, it has made a new structural of governance in countries around the world. In this article, we want to test the power of e- government indexes on corruption in some developing country. In one hand, we choose some of developing country- from Middle East and Mena countries- and used the corruption perception index (CPI) which issues annually by Transparency International (TI). In another hand we have used the data that were presented by the United Nation Public Administration Network (UNPAD). In our model, we use corruption index for the 28 countries1 as a dependent variables. In the other side, we put some variables that relate to use information and communication technology (I.C.T). Our model based on this argument that expanding of this technology can decrease the corruption through the result of a simple principle agent theory.

corruption, E-Government