Will Misery Index Causes Economic Crimes?

This paper employs the modified Wald )MWALD( causality test to re-examine the relationship between economic crimes and its determinant, misery index, in Iran from 1971 to 2012.Bounds test approach is employed to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship.The motivational and opportunity effects are also verified by the model.Furthermore, the bilateral causality relation exists between misery index and embezzlement, bribery, forgery.What is more, the results show uni-directional causality from the misery index to drawing bad cheques.

Motivational Effect; Opportunity Effect; MWALD; Misery Index; Economic Crimes