Genetic Diversity in Twenty Bread Wheat Cultivars Using Microsatellite Markers

Genetic diversity is the basis for plant breeding. In this study, genetic diversity of twenty bread wheat cultivars was evaluated using 25 microsatellite markers. DNA extraction was performed according to the modified CTAB-method. Microsatellite analysis using metaphor gel technique shows amplification of 80 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 5 with an average number of 3.2 alleles per locus. The mean of alleles in each genome was 3.33 (A genome), 3 (B genome) and 3.3 (D genome). The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) value per locus was 0.62, which varied from 0.42 (Xgwm319 with the lowest values) to 0.88 (Xgwm129 with the greatest values). The frequency of current allele with average 0.56 were varies from 0.33 (Xgwm129) to 0.75 (Xgwm540) were variable. The similarity matrix based on all possible pairs of bread wheat cultivars was calculated maximum and minimum similarity ranged from 0.24 (Pishgam * Gaskozen) to 0.74 (Lain A * Sison). According to cluster analysis with UPGMA method, 20 studied cultivars were grouped into 4 major groups with genetic similarity coefficient of 0.88. All together principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of 80 loci obtained from molecular data shows that 5 first components justified 71% of total variance. Biplot obtained from two first components almost confirmed the cluster analysis grouped. We wish, these result will be useful for breeding programs of bread wheat.

Diversity, Metaphor, Microsatellite, Wheat