Comparison of Honey and Silver Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Skin Burns.

Nanotechnology is a new technology that deals with nanomaterial ranging from in dimension. In this size have been changed characteristics of material. Nano silver is one of these agents that have many application in medical and biology development. These effects are attributed to high surface area to volume ratio, which potentially results in change on reaction activity. Silver is non-toxic and it can be an antibiotic under the suitable dosage [1]. Nanotechnology is expanding and is used in various areas, such as medical, biology, consumer products, food and feed, environmental health, and the other fields[3]. There is histological evidence of reduced numbers of inflammatory cells in wounds dressed with honey [8]. Honey also stimulates tissue growth (promotes the formation of healthy granulation tissue and reepithelialisation) [9] and keratinocytes and fibroblast proliferation [10]. Lastly, honey facilitates a moist wound healing environment [11].There are numerous case reports where wounds that had not been responding to conventional treatment healed when treatment was changed to dressing with honey [12]. Methods: This study was performed on 48 balb/c mice. On the first day the animals were anesthetized by intra peritoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine. By depilatory cream, the hair on the back of each mice was removed and burn cylinders with diameters 1/5 × 1/5 on the hairless area were created. The animals, after being burned in 5 groups of 8 were randomly divided into the following: Control group, positive control group, the third group was treated by honey and the other groups receiving different concentrations of silver nanoparticles 500, 250 and 125ppm respectively. Honey and silver nanoparticles during the whole period was applied to the site of injury and the control group distilled water and Positive control group received sulfadiazine cream. Healing of the wound area were measured on days 7,14,21 and 28 after burn and the percentage of wound healing (wound area on the first day/ Wound area on days considered *100 = percentage of wound healing) was calculated. All statistical analyzes were performed by the software SPSS17 and ANOVA test was used for quantitative data. To verify the presence or absence of significant differences between the groups were tested using LSD test and P≤0.5 Statistical inference criteria considered. Results: On the7, 14, 21 and 28th days became wound area measurements. Percentage of wound healing on days 14, 21 and 28 group receiving honey than the control group and the other groups was highly significant. Also on day 28 compared with control group, group receiving 125ppm concentration of nanoparticles showed a significant increase in the percentage of wound healing. Discussion: The present investigation has shown that percentage of wound healing on days 14, 21 and 28 group receiving honey than the control and the other groups was significant sharply(p<0.000). Honey also stimulates the body’s immune response through the production of cytokines, affects the mechanisms of B and T lymphocytes and stimulates the activity of phagocytes [7]. In this investigation, the probable property of honey is induced phagocyte pathway due to destruction of damage cells around wound skin. Also, White in 2005 has showed that Honey promotes wound debridement by autolysis, facilitating the conversion of plasminogen in the wound into active plasmin [13]. Also in this study, group receiving 125ppm concentration of nano silver showed a significant increase in the percentage of wound healing compared with control group 28 post burning(P=0.03). In this investigation could be suggested nano silver change in the cell membrane could cause an increase in cell permeability, leading to an uncontrolled transport through the cell membrane of skin and ultimately apoptosis. Also, shape, size and concentration of nanoparticles are very important to property of these particles. For this reason, in this investigation, male mices were treated with spherical shape and 10 nano meter diameter and 125ppm concentration of nano silver particles. The probable mechanism for effective dose of repair skin in 125ppm concentration of nano silver is dilution of this particle fascilated to cell membrane permeability and repair pathway. These dilution of nanoparticles exhibited higher repair effects than the other concentration of nano silver. Susan W.P. and Wijnhoven in 2009 were proved that the size and shape of the particle play central role in toxical effects of nano silver. Present founds have shown that nano silver effects in repair function was time dependent and no dose dependent. The effective material for repair wound were honey and 125ppm concentration of nano silver and optimum time of these effects were 28 day after burning. In this investigation, silver ions because low size and concentration, have more interfaces with out space and influence the cell membrane more. On the other hand, molecular mechanism provided by silver nanoparticles can be attributed to production of free radicals. These free radicals were induced oxidative stress and program cell death (apoptosis) around burn cell of skin in male mice. In conclusion, a more physiologic approach is needed for determination of effects of different sizes and shape of nano silver for repair skin.

Burn, Silver Nanoparticle, Honey And Repair.