This article reflects on the fundamentals of first and second modernity and its
usefulness and practicability for problem formulation and solving in the context of water
management practices in Iran. It is argued that the current water crisis in Iran resulted from
modernization based on first modernity paradigms, and second modernity concepts are
used to present a framework for new water management approaches. Based on the concept
of sub-political arrangements, we suggest that water management issues can be treated best
in process-based ways under a reflexive modernity point of view.
کلید واژگان :
Reflexive modernity Modernity Water crisis Water management Sub-political arrangements Process-based Iran
