Studying Challenges and Opportunities of Non-Oil Export from Knowledge Components Aspect: An Approach to Cope with Economic Sanctions

In any country, research and development activities are the main factors of economic growth and prosperity that lead to innovation, improvement of quality and variety of goods and services and also reduce in costs and increase in competition power and interdependency. According to the new theories of international trade, trade partners' research and development can play essential role in exports growth in the country through intermediate and capital goods imports, since it enables the country to imitate foreign technology and to convert it to be used within the country. This study is done to investigate and analyze the impact of knowledge components on non-oil exports with cross-sectional method and SWOT model to increase interdependency and decrease sanction degree of Iran's economy. The studied period was 1970-2010 and the needed statistics has constant price (base year 2000). The obtained results indicated deep gap of Iran's economy technology with the world economy, dependency of non-oil exports to the traditional factors of production, lack of supply and demand mechanism in research and development activities because of wrong economic policies which lead to relative price distorting of factors in favor of using physical capital and imports technology and to the detriment of other production factors such as knowledge components (human capital and research and development activities). As a result, we will observe loss of competitiveness capability and one–sided dependency of Iran's economy to the world economy.

KEYWORDS: Non-Oil Exports, Research and Development, Technology Spillover, Economic Sanction