Treatment of delayed nonunion and bone defect is a challenge in orthopedic in medicine and veterinary. This review highlights the bone substitutes that used in bone grafting. An exquisite analysis of these studies reveals the properties of bone substitutes that are designed by the researchers to find an optimal bone graft. In this study we pay attention to four types of bone grafting including: autograft or auto transplantation, allograft or transplantation in one species, xenograft or transplantation between species and Synthetics materials: Ceramic and Polymer. A ceramic is a non-metallic, inorganic solid performed by thermal treatment and subsequent cooling, about calcium phosphates ceramics thermal treatment is sintering. The most important Ceramic that are using in bone grafting including: Gypsum, Plaster of Paris, Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite. The polymers used today can be loosely divided into natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Natural polymers, such as alginate, collagen and chitosan present great solutions and their use has been growing. Synthetic bone grafts may obviate the requirement of bone grafting. Must of synthetic bone substitutes are osteoconductive or osteoinductive alone but natural bone substitutes have both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity prosperities. There is an interest in combining osteoconductive and osteoconductive compounds to facilitate bone formation. Today tissue engineering is generating new bone substitute for repair, regenerate and restore tissue to its functional state.
کلید واژگان :Bone Healing; Bone Grafting; Autograft; Allograft; Xenografts; Ceramic; Polymer
ارزش ریالی : 300000 ریال
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