Regenerative Medicine: Highlight on the Significance of Therapeutics with Novel Strategies

Background: There is a worldwide effort to present novel approaches for the development of tolerance-induction treatments in regenerative medicine, after years of investigation in clinical transplantation. Particularly, novel approaches are based on controlling the immune response, including the application of biomaterials or imitation of antigen-specific peripheral tolerance in either solid-organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: New biomaterials have been designed to alter the cell behavior in tissueengineered creatures and also suppressing immune responses against cells and biomaterial scaffolds. Blunting immune responses has been evidenced to be a wise strategy in regenerative medicine. Incorporation of stem cell biologists, material scientists, and transplantation immunologists can lead to the most innovative solutions. Results: Replacing damaged tissues is the main goal of regenerative medicine. To reach this goal, it is vital to have a comprehensive understanding of the whole regeneration process; for example, the mechanisms of dedifferentiation of cells to progenitor cells or transdifferentiation into another cell types, and rescheduling of somatic cells to pluripotent cells. Conclusions: Exploring the regenerative processes under in vitro and in vivo situations sheds lights on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and thereby helps to pave the way toward describing novel regenerative strategies to combat human diseases and finally to strengthen the regenerative medicine.

Immune system, Mesenchymal stem cells, Microfluidics, microRNAs, Pluripotent cells, Polymeric delivery systems