Kant's view of the law and the ethical obligations

Yadoolah Chopani1 and Kamran Nazari2 1Department of Theology, Payam Noor University, Iran. 2Department of Business Management, Payam Noor University, Iran. ABSTRACT In a time that various moral schools boasted in the west, 'hedonism' school did its work outstandingly more than others. Plato that knew ethics as a category of 'aesthetic and beauty' and Aristotle school that introduced moderation as a moral pattern and moral data filled everywhere; Immanuel Kant's moral school (1724-1804), famous and great German philosopher, stepped onto the arena and with a new speculation caused a revolution in thinking world and plane of ethics that it has been compared to Copernican revolution in the world of the heavens. By establishing metaphysic and categorical doctrine and deontology in plane of ethics he introduced moral action in acting according to intent and fulfillment of responsibility of conscience and he believed that because reason is a general endowment therefore rules and laws should be general. But it is important to know that what rules and laws of reasons are and how they can be obtained. Kant spoke about reality, law and social relations beyond evaluation of reason, action and reaction of human's wisdom. He knew that reality and law after criticism and analysis of wisdom and thought are recognizable and constant. From this viewpoint, Kant believed that human makes his aim and has a natural value that undoubtedly distinguishes him from other creatures. The writer intends to criticize and analyze some moral opinions of Kant from his philosophical viewpoint in moral plane and state of human attainment to real perfection and felicity in the shadow of practical reason.

Keywords Practical Reason, Will of Good and Evil, Deontology, Intention, Duty and Law, and Criticism of Opinions